Electricity Demand and Supply Pakistan Essay

Power load-shedding in Pakistan is one of the greatest residential issues looked by the nation. Alongside the issues that the force deficiency brings for the general public all in all and for the occupants of the general public the force disappointments genuinely checks the financial capability of the economy. Considering a large portion of the medium and enormous scope businesses of Pakistan rely upon hardware that is controlled by power they are vigorously reliant on the power gracefully, with the power flexibly cut their creation limit diminishes drastically too. Since the vast majority of Pakistani assembling ventures do not have the self age capacity thus this force blackout is much increasingly destructive to their business. So in the end winds up happening that alongside making general misery among the open this force deficiency lessens the creation limit of the organizations and thus decreases the total gracefully. Total gracefully can be characterized as the all out flexibly of merchandise and enterprises that organizations in a national economy plan on selling during a particular timeframe. It is the aggregate sum of products and ventures that organizations are eager to sell at a given value level in an economy. It is the aggregate sum of products and ventures that organizations are eager to sell at a given value level in an economy. Over the long haul, the total flexibly bend is thought to be vertical In the short run, the total gracefully bend is thought to be upward inclining SRAS (Short run total interest) shows absolute arranged yield when costs in the economy can change however the costs and profitability of all factor inputs for example wage rates and the condition of innovation are thought to be held consistent. LRAS (Long run total flexibly) shows all out arranged yield when the two costs and normal pay rates can change †it is a proportion of a country’s potential yield a nd the idea is connected firmly to that of the creation plausibility boondocks The SRAS and LRAS can be graphically spoken to as follows: SRAS LRAS Presently what happens is that organizations should chop down their creation procedure so as to successfully meet the expenses acquired or it will go to a place of misfortunes. The chopping down of the creation procedure meansâ decreasing the gracefully of the firm. As a firm delivers lesser than it did previously, less specialists will be required in light of the fact that the abundance work has been made excess since less representatives are presently expected to create lesser yield. In addition, the firm can no longer stand to utilize the same number of laborers as it did previously. Consequently this will in the long run offer ascent to throughout time the same number of laborers have should be laid off in ventures because of low action. This will constantly diminish the all out utilization of the populace in light of the fact that as the joblessness expands the buying intensity of the individuals likewise falls. They are presently gaining less wages and the salary impact will prompt a radical lessening in the utilization. Utilization is one of the significant donors in the total interest work. We characterize total interest as the all out interest for all merchandise and enterprises created in the economy at a given time and value level. It is the measure of products and ventures in the economy that will be created at all conceivable value levels. The total interest is generally portrayed as a direct entirety of four divisible interest sources.[3] Where: C = Consumption I = Investment G = Government Spending (X-M) = Net Exports †Net Imports The chart for AD is as per the following: It is frequently refered to that the total interest bend is descending inclining in light of the fact that at lower value levels a more noteworthy amount is requested. While this is right at the microeconomic, single great level, at the total level this is wrong. The total interest bend is in reality descending inclining because of the Pigou’s riches impact. Pigou impact is a financial aspects term that alludes to the incitement of yield and work brought about by expanding utilization because of an ascent in genuine adjusts of riches, especially during flattening. Keynes said that a drop in total interest could bring down work and the value level (deflationary despondency). Consequently it can beâ said that any decline in the utilization would realize a fall in the total interest. Shopper request or utilization, that is otherwise called individual utilization consumption, is the biggest piece of total interest or compelling interest at the macroeconomic level. The association of the total interest and total gracefully gives us the market balance. Presently as has been recently called attention to, visit power chops will mean a chopping down of the creation procedure which perpetually achieves a lessening in the total flexibly. What happens is that as total gracefully diminishes with the total interest being consistent (as clearly individuals would even now be requesting a similar amount of items) expansion will increment as demonstrated as follows: Presently here we can see with AS moving to another point as it diminishes it is really expanding the cost level which brings about swelling and subsequently joblessness increments too, in light of the fact that when there is expansion in the economy there is an ascent in costs henceforth there is a fall in the interest of merchandise and ventures and the makers lessen their creation level and accordingly they wind up diminishing the quantity of laborers which implies joblessness increments. Joblessness on the macroeconomic level is an indication that the economy is working beneath its full creation limit, this is an indication of wastefulness. Here we can see that expansion is assuming a key job in deciding the business level. Subsequently we’ll examine how burden shedding offers ascend to swelling. Expansion is expectedly characterized as a general increment in the degree of costs in products and enterprises. One of the impacts of swelling is a decline in the estimation of cash. Over the span of swelling pay and costs don't increment at a similar rate; the buying intensity of the country in general drops. One reason of expansion is surplus measure of cash which makes the costs ascend at a very high rate. Other than that, another explanation behind swelling is the ascent in the expenses of creation which thus builds the costs of the items. Additionally swelling happens when total flexibly surpasses total interest thus expanding the value level. With regards to stack shedding however, we see that it has been an activating upgrade for starting expansion. The CPI expansion found the middle value of 23.5 percent in July-February 2008-09 in Pakistan as against 8.9 percent in the equivalent time of a year ago. The lack of vitality sources is causing mix on the interest side of the financial picture causing an expansion in the interest for vitality sources as it hugy affects all circles of economy of a country impacting industry level. The deficiency of the accessible vitality sources is making the individuals request greater power to address their issues on the person just as industry level which thus when seen with regards to graphical portrayal shows a move of the interest bend to the correct causing a move of the harmony position expanding the value level. (Request Pull Inflation) The expansion in level of swelling has additionally been caused because of an expansion in the expense of vitality sources. The shortage of the vitality assets accessible to the ventures is making them move to different hotspots with the end goal of vitality age which thusly has made their costs soar. Presently, because of the substantial weight that everybody needs to look in this situation is causing a move of the AS bend as far as graphical portrayal of the situation. The expansion in the expenses of creation for the enterprises thus influences the total flexibly making it decay. This move of the AS bend to one side likewise then causes the balance value level to ascend, thusly working up swelling in the general public (Cost-Push Inflation). The force duties forced would additionally expand the mechanical info cost which is now extremely high making the items progressively costly in the residential just as the worldwide market. Most definitely, the serious edge of a nation would be lost as their products are increasingly costly in contrast with different nations.

Plastic Lumber & Wood-Plastic Composite Market

The assortment of ‘Construction Material' statistical surveying reports has another expansion of â€Å"Wood-plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber to 2018† on Aromatherapies. Com. US request to Jump more than% every year US interest for wood-plastic composite and plastic timber Is relied upon to Increase four billion pounds of plastic. A bounce back In new lodging fulfillments from the low 2013 level and gains In private Improvement and fix uses will create Increases sought after. Request additions will likewise be supported by Increased market infiltration In decking applications, the dominating use for composite and plastic lumber.Decking to stay key application Decking applications will represent more than two-fifths of composite and plastic wood request by 2018. Mortgage holders will progressively pick decks produced using elective wood since it has more noteworthy protection from corruption by dampness, changes in mugginess, creepy crawly assault, and time, and in lig ht of the fact that it requires insignificant support over its long assistance life. Progressing changes to assembling innovations that will improve the shading blur opposition and the likeness to normal wood, especially costly hardwoods, for example, funnel and redwood, will additionally help composite and plastic decking demand.Further increases will result from endeavors by producers to expand the extent of decking adornments advertised. Among different applications, embellishment and trim applications are likewise expected to progress at a solid pace through 2018. Wood-plastic composite and plastic timber use in embellishment and trim will profit by restored lodging action and execution attributes †, for example, protection from dampness and simplicity of forming † that are better than those of wood and designed wood. Solicitation Sample duplicate of this report @ http://www. Aromatherapies. Mother/contacts/demand test? Rename=184223 . Wood-plastic composite timber t o outpace plastic Increases In generally development really will bolster request gains for the two sorts of elective wood through 2018, yet wood-plastic composite interest will ascend at a faster pace than interest for plastic timber, but from a littler base. As about 66% of composite and plastic timber request Is created by the private market, development in that market will help composite wood request. In huge, progressively wanted to plastic lumber.Several components will bolster its fast development. For example, composite timber incorporates celluloses filaments and is better ready to amass the look and surface of customary wood, an engaging attribute to purchasers searching for alluring however low support decks. Besides, in light of the fact that composite timber habitually is fabricated utilizing reused materials † including consumable plastic, for example, basic food item sacks and stretch film, and wood scraps from plants and other timber activities † it is reg ularly showcased as a naturally agreeable structure material.Company Profiles for US industry contenders, for example, Axial, CAP International, Fiber, Headwaters and Tree Read more on â€Å"Wood-plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber to 2018†³report underneath. Extra Information This investigation looks at the US advertise for two kinds of materials filling in as options in contrast to wood in development: composites of cellulose fiber and plastic † alluded to in the examination as â€Å"wood-plastic composite lumber† or â€Å"composites† † and plastic tars † alluded to as â€Å"plastic blunder. The two materials are made utilizing procedures † basically expulsion yet additionally infusion shaping † normal to the plastics business. Applications for these materials shrouded in this investigation incorporate decking, embellishment and trim, fencing, arranging and outside items, windows, entryways, and grouped applications, for example, spa cupboards, marine decks, and railroad ties.This study doesn't address applications for plastic timber in which plastics (basically vinyl) are not in rivalry with wood or in which they have just achieved considerable piece of the pie. Applications falling under these classes incorporate plastic siding, expelled plastic windows and entryways, plastic play area gear not contending with conventional wood, vinyl porch furniture, and vinyl flooring. Cellulose-gum items, for example, pressed wood, starboard, and arranged strand board, are additionally rejected from interest contemplations for composite timber.

Modern-Day Film Version of A Tale of Two Cities essays

Cutting edge Film Version of A Tale of Two Cities articles It is 2001. Throw Dickens has recently completed work on his eighth significant film at Universal. Every one of his movies nets higher than the one preceding. He's the most sultry screenwriter these days. Is this genuine? All things considered, no. In any case, might it be able to have perhaps been? Obviously. What might Charles Dickens resemble on the off chance that he was alive today and composing for TV or movies? Would he be as well known now as he was in the nineteenth century? What sort of stories and characters would he make? Who might star in his works, for example, A Tale of Two Cities? These inquiries are effectively replied. Dickens was an essayist of incredible prominence during his lifetime. His characters caught the hearts and minds of his perusers. His books were moderate to the general population, because of the way that they were distributed in little fragments or serials. His style of composing would not change. Dickens had the option to compose books that were dark and exploratory, yet could draw in the interests of the individuals. Current writers today, for example, Steven King, use interlacing plots and speedy pacing like Dickens did. On the off chance that Dickens lived in the current day, he would without a doubt be similarly as well known as he was during his own time. Charles Dickens' composing was known to be saturated with social analysis. Having lived in industrialized England, he saw the predicament of the urban poor. He was enthusiastic about better arrangement for poor people and a superior way of life and the spread of standard instruction for all. Despite the fact that these issues were overwhelmed by the twentieth century, there are as yet numerous issues wherein Dickens would have expounded on. Whatever issues could be the degenerate police power, youngster prostitution, and injurious guardians. Dickens' accounts would keep on tending to numerous social issues, as they did previously. Dickens' characters would likewise have indistinguishable attributes from those from his past books. A few characters, for example, Madame Defarge and ... <!

Help With College Essay Writing - Learn How to Write an Essay For College!

Help With College Essay Writing - Learn How to Write an Essay For College!It is easy to lose sight of what should be the main purpose for writing a college essay, and instead become lost in thinking about the every minute details. If you begin to focus on this too much, you will inevitably have a better essay in which not many people will notice your contribution.This happens because your main objective as a student who wants to write a college essay should be to make it a well-written, interesting and intelligent piece. If you are only thinking about how important this final part is, you are missing out on the main goal and are likely to feel like you have not done all you can do.That is why you must first try to find help in your quest to do so. That help will come in many forms, such as books that give you tips on how to write well, guides that can help you out with various topics, forums and so on. The more help you get to work with, the better you will become at essay writing.Ho wever, before beginning, you need to think about what the main task you want to achieve is. Do you want to provide the best possible answer to a question? Or maybe you just want to express your opinion on some topic or the other?To achieve all these, you need to first figure out what the main thing you want to accomplish. Once you know that, you can then start researching on the topic areas that will help you attain this goal.Your first step would be to write term papers that outline your topic or that will be used as your guide in completing the assignment. Term papers can also give you feedback on what the teacher might like to see in the end, or what topics might interest you when you begin essay writing.Another great tool that you can use to help you with essay writing is the application that is available on most schools' websites. There are application essays that can be used to help you with essay writing and then there are other types of essays that you can also apply for.For example, you can apply for a research essay. This will help you with essay writing because the research essay will let you get some idea of the job you are applying for, and it will also help you organize your thoughts and analyze the information you will need to include in your essay.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay Topic

How to Write An Argumentative Essay TopicSimple argumentative essay topics are generally brief and offer a quick rundown of the issue at hand. Some topics offer more detail, but can be viewed as very brief summaries of the main points.Argumentative essay topics can range from political to religious in nature, but these topics are almost always as broad in scope as the topic itself. These types of essay topics should provide some sort of concrete evidence to support a specific position or point of view, but should not reach into the realm of conjecture.One example of this would be a topic such as abortion, which requires both a conclusion and a fact. A conclusion would state what is right and wrong, while a fact states that it is so. Both of these would have to be presented within a written piece of literature, but it would not be wise to state a conclusion without first presenting a fact that supports that conclusion.A document could easily be split into two opinions piece - one side stating what is correct and one stating what is wrong. It would still be very valuable to have a fact to support the opinion piece in order to show that there is a real issue at hand, even if it has little impact on the overall argument. This is called 'adding a fact' and is a technique employed by some experts in academic writing.Argumentative essay topics can be of any form, as long as it contains a detailed analysis of the issues at hand, and presents a brief summary. Many people write these essays because they want to express their opinions but do not know how to go about doing so effectively.Sometimes, your paper will need to be rewritten several times before you find what works best. Other times, you can simply use a template or text editor to help you draft the right essay topic.If you need help with your essay, check out online research software that can quickly analyze the topic you are working on. There are templates available that allow you to analyze any topic you are i nterested in, giving you an easy way to find the best outline for your essay.The key to successful essay topics is to write for clarity, but also for credibility. Always consider the reader's maturity and intelligence before spending time crafting the perfect essay.

The Difference Between Islamic And Conventional Banks Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Islamic banking refers to a system of bankor banking activity that is steady with the ideology of Islamic rule (Sharia) and its realistic application through the growth of Islamic finances. OR Financial services that meet the necessities of the Shariah, or Islamic rule. While considered to meet the exact religious necessities of Muslim clients, Islamic banking is not limited to Muslims: both the fiscal services provider and the customer can be non-Muslim as well as Muslim. Difference between Islamic and conventional banks : There are a number of key difference between the goods and services existing by a conventional bank in relationship to an Islamic financial organization. Islam is the back bone of interest free banking, moral values and objectives play a more important role in its operation. As such it is prepared on the basis of collaboration with each other as stated in the Quranic induction: Help you one another in righteousness and piety but help you not one another in sin and trasgression (Quran, 5:2). The Quran also calls for deal Eat not up your property among yourselves in vanities but let there be amongst you, traffic by mutual goodwill(Quran, 4:29). Honesty and trustworthiness is so essential in big business, thus the Prophet (Pbuh) had stated that dishonest dealings are against the law (reported by Bukhari). Secondly, no gain is accepted without either attempt or liability. Islam forbids getting a economic advantage without giving a offset value, but is not conflicting to profit or financial gain as long as an effort is perform or (partial) legal responsibility is accepted for the economic result of a scheme. Thirdly, general circumstances of a nonpayer should be evaluated authentically. If one is in financial misery, and is not able to pay back the primary, one should be given an extension on humanitarian ground without any penalty. (Quran, 2:280) Fourthly, certain business contact are measured unlawful in Islam and cannot be carried out in an Islamic bank. For example trade in alcohol, intoxicating drugs, gambling or producing pornography are dissimilar to Islam. 5 . Fifthly, Islamic banks offer no interest-bearing products or services, and in its organisational arrangement and corporate power, Islamic banks have Shariah board, to ensure that the bank practice are in agreement with the Shariah and do not oppress the deprived client. ISLAMIC BANKING IN PAKISTAN : Islamic Banking Department was establish on 15th September, 2003 and has been entrust with the task of promote developing the Shariah obedient Islamic Banking as a similar and friendly banking system in the country. Islamic Banking is one of the rising field in global monetary market, having marvelous potential and growing at a very fast pace all around the world. Al-Hamdulillah, the progress of Islamic Banking in Pakistan has also been admirable during the last Five years. Currently there are five licensed full fledged Islamic Banks and twelve conventional banks with separate Islamic Banking Branches with the total branch network of over 336 branches operating in more than 50 cities of all the four provinces and Azad Kashmir in the country as of 17.07.2008 and applications for few more players are under thought. Islamic Banking is a high main concern area for State Bank of Pakistan. Steps are being taken to make Islamic banking business in Pakistan robust enough to offer a viable alternative to predictable banking, should the market make a decision that Pakistan should have an entirely Islamic banking system in the country. State Bank of Pakistan wants to develop a progressive and sound Islamic banking system that is in line and compatible with the global economic sector, providing new Shariah compliant products and services so as to achieve fair economic increase. CHAPTER 2 BAISALAM : Bai Salam is a form of onward contract when the price for an asset is fully paid in advance at the time of the agreement for an asset or goods to be delivered at some upcoming dates. OR in Islamic financing, a contract for the buy of goods to be deliver at a particular time in the future. Payment for the commodities is made in advance HISTORY OF BAISALAM : When riba is declared haram by Allah, farmers of Madinah could not take riba base credit. At that time Holy Prophet (PBUH) allowed them to sell their manufacture in advance and to take full payment at the time of agreement which is clearly define in Hadith Whoever pays money in advance (for fruits) (to be delivered later) should pay it for a known quality, specified calculate and weight (of dates or fruit) of course along with the cost and time of release ITRODUCTION TO BAISALAM : Advance expense for goods which are to be deliver at a specified upcoming date. Under usual circumstances, a sale cannot be effect unless the goods are in continuation at the time of the bargain. However, this type of sale is an exclusion, provided the goods are defined and the date of delivery is fixed. The objects of sale must be physical goods that can be define as to the quantity, quality and workmanship. Three basic conditions of sale Firstly, the asset must be real. Secondly, the seller should have acquire the possession of that asset. Therefore, if the asset exists, but the seller does not possess it, he has no right to sell it. 3.Thirdly, only the ownership is not enough. The seller must of the possession, either physically or constructively. The only exception to this rule is the contract of Bai Salam (Trust Sale) and BaiIstisna (Order Sale). These two contracts deal with the sale transaction involving an asset which is at the point of contract, is non-existence. CHAPTER 3 : CONDITIONS OF BAISALAM : Price of manufactured goods would be paid in cash, instant and full at the time of contract. In the absence of full payment it will be same as to sale of debt against a debt, which is expressly forbidden by Holy Prophet (PBUH). The basic reason of Salam is to fulfill the immediate need of seller. The object of the trade must be tangible i.e. can be particular according to weight, size, volume, color, quantity, quality or grade.For example, valuable stones cannot be sold on the basis of Salam, because every piece of costly stones is normally unlike from the other either in its class or in its size or weight and their precise requirement is not usually possible. The place, cost and time of the release must be specific. Delivery in installments is allowed, if agreed by all parties. The item should be existing in the bazaar till the time of agreement to delivery or at least till the date of release. Because, in case of any accident seller make sure the delivery by purchase that item from bazaar. The seller at the time of release delivers product and not cash to the buyer. Cancellation of the Salam Sale : This means to end the contract by returning the price to the purchaser and the commodity to the vendor when the buyer receive the price. It is generally permissible if the arrival is full otherwise it would not be allowable. A partial return is suitable according to Abu Haneefa and shafiand a unacceptable according to Ahmed as reported by IbnRushd reported, it should not less or more than the thing meant or else it be unacceptable. In case of Death: The greater part of fuqaha think that late debts, honoured by trust, can be present when the debtor dies. One of these is the salam (salamfeehi). Al Kasany said: .If the seller dies before the particular date of delivery the debt must be incumbent upon this legacy and these fore the inheritors have to complete. Application : Salam can be used for facilitate farmer clients who need functioning capital/ running finance. The buyer has an benefit of purchase particular goods at a comparatively lower price. On the other hand, the supplier gets early price of those items / commodities which have not been produced yet. This may help him meet the functioning capital supplies. Agriculture is broadly confidential into crop and non-crop sectors. The two sectors are quite different in terms of finance requirements and cash flows. IBIs are concerned in agriculture financing for both the sector. Crop Sector: Financing for raising crops or horticulture by the agricultural community is classified under the crop sector credit. There are two main cropping season: Rabi and Kharif. The period for Kharif crops starts from March to August. The significant Kharif crops are cotton, rice, sugarcane, Maize, Jawar and Bajra. The period from September toFebruary is Rabi ¶ season and main crops of the season are wheat, Barley, Gram and Mustard seeds. Banks provide credit ability in crop/farm sector for manufacture i.e. financing for buy of inputs or working capital which is Salam based and, growth purposes i.e. financing for the purchase of equipments or other long term savings at the farm. Non Crop Sector: Financing for non-crop farming actions like livestock, fisheries, poultry, sericulture, apiculture etc. is confidential under non-crop sector credit. Banks provide finance to farmers to meet finance needs of manufacture as well as growth under this group. PROCEDURE AND MECHANISM : Whenever a farmer require financing for farming or growth of crops, he will go to the bank and ask for some finance services. Instead of providing credit, as predictable banks, the Islamic bank will make a future sale contract with the client which is known as Salam contract. That agreement covers following salient aspects: The agreement describe complete qualifications of the goods, sale price and date and place of delivery Collateral or mortgage is determined. Conditions of default and extinction are describe and by this Initial Salam contract is signed in the presence of witness(two by bank and two by farmer). 1 Eligibility of Customer : Customer should be a holder of computerized NIC while usual necessities for corporate clients would apply. Customer should not be a debtor of any IBI / financial institution. IBI is satisfied and feels comfortable with the farmer and guarantor (where applicable) identity character, status and credit worthiness. 2 Pricing Strategy: In Salam contract, there is no standardized limit for determining the price of the product so the price is determined on the basis of conciliation between Bank (buyer) and cultivator (Seller). The price is by keeping following aspect Price of goods is taken by daily Index price (Newspapers). The price of the product, delivered in future date is determined. This is constantly less than the Index cost. Example: Working Capital Required (Farmer):Rs. 10,000 Price ofWheat (Index Price):Rs. 500/ per bag (1 bag = 40 kg) Negotiable Price ofWheat:Rs.350/ per bag* According to this conciliation farmer will be liable to carry 29 bags when the crop is harvested on the particular future time. 3 Written Offer: after deciding all the matters stated in above early Salam contract, the cultivator gives a written offer for the trade of goods at the negotiate prices to ensure the deliverance it also include Description of the Goods Validity of the Offer Delivery Date Terms of delivery Place of delivery IBI is satisfied and feels at ease with the farmer and guarantor (where applicable) identity quality, reputation and creditworthiness. 4 Delivery Notice: when crops are harvested then farmer issues a deliverance notice in the name of organization. After getting delivery notice bank send field executive for the inspection of the manufactured goods. Delivery notice include Delivery Date Place of delivery Description of the Goods Additional remarks (if any) 5 Goods Receiving: Notice: after getting the product, bank sends in receipt of notice to the cultivator or supplier for ensuring the deliverance of the specified manufactured goods. 6 Sale to ThirdParty : When goods have been delivered by the vendor (farmer) then bank have to put up for sale the products to the third party this sale is passed by two ways Parallel Salam: After the implementation of Salam agreement with one party, buyer or seller execute another Salam contract with third party, Conditions for Parallel Salam: There must be two dissimilar and autonomous contracts, these two contract cannot be tied up and presentation of one should not be dependent on the other. Parallel Salam is acceptable with third party only. Agency Agreement: After the deliverance Bank signs a new contract with the contractor (farmer) and hire him as agent for the sale of manufactured goods to third party.At this stage Bank has a contractual ownership of product. Agent sells product on the behalf of Bank. Agent specify his motivation in sale for his hard work with approval of Bank. Risks Involved in Salam : Under this opinion, the bank always acts as a buyer and it pays the decided price to the farmer (seller) upon signing of agreement. The goods are then deliver to the bank on the predefined upcoming date and after this bank act as a vendor. The risks concerned in the mentioned contract are as below: Market Risk: Since the deliverance of goods/crops is on upcoming basis, so at the time of delivery price of goods can be less than the price of buy. Delivery Risk: The goods/crops are not deliver to the bank on pre-agreed date or are not according to the agreed requirement. Credit Risk: if the provider (Farmer) is not capable to deliver the manufactured goods then bank can mitigate the credit risk by keep the property of provider as collateral. Risk of Damage: after delivery, manufactured goods is in bank ¶s possession either physical or contractive. If any harm occurs without the carelessness of agent, bank has to swallow the risk. To diminish risk bank will insure the product by contract with Takaful Agency. Scope and Potential of Salam : The Salam sale has the elasticity to cover the wants of various sector of people such as farmers, industrialists, contractors, exporters or traders. It can be used to meet the capital necessities as well as to meet the cost of operation. Salam sale is proper to finance the agricultural operation where the bank can transact with farmers who are expected to have the goods in penalty throughout harvest either from their own crops or crops of others, which they can buy and bring in case their crops fail. Thus the bank renders great services to the farmers in their way to achieve their manufacture targets. Salam sale is also used to finance the commercial and industrial behavior, especially in phases prior to manufacture and export of commodities and that is purchasing it on Salam and marketing them for lucrative prices. The bank in financing craftsman and small producers applies the Salam sale by supplying them with the inputs of manufacture as a Salam capital in substitute of some for their property to market CHAPTER 4 : Salam inPakistan : established Islamic Banks are not providing any Salam base product however almost all Islamic Banking Branches (IBBs) are providing Salam base product in farming such as Islamic Divisions of Soneri Bank ltd Askari Bank ltd Bank Alfalah ltd UBL Ameen ltd SONERI BANK LTD : Agriculture Financing Following agriculture finance facilities are provided by Soneri Bank Limited at its selected branches. Production Loans Production loans are offered to meet the input and other working capital requirements for farming, orchards and nursery, tunnel farming, storage of raw material, transportation marketing grading and packing etc., by farmers. Note: Financing facilities for all other purposes as detailed in SBPÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢s list of eligible items for Agricultural Credit are also available. Development Loans Development loans are offered for the purchase of tractors, trolley, thrashers, ploughs, cultivators, laser levellers, combine harvesters, processing machinery, transport for delivery of dairy, poultry, fisheries. Installation of tube-wells, turbine, land levelling, soil improvement, land reclamation, seed processing units and for godowns, silos and cold storages. Livestock To meet the fixed cost and working capital requirements for cattle farming, cattle feed units, dairy farming, poultry farming; poultry feed units and fish farming. Repayment Period Principal amount of Finance plus mark-up thereon is repayable depending upon nature of business ranging from one to five years. Revolving facility is also available under specific terms. Mark-up Rate All Type of Agriculture Loans upto Rs. 100,000/- 6M Kibor + 2% Production Loan under Revolving Credit Scheme 6M Kibor + 3% Working Capital for Live Stock i.e.(Dairy, Fisheries and Poultry etc) 6M Kibor +3.5% Development Loan (All kinds) 6M Kibor + 4% ASKARI BANK LTD : Products: Kissan Evergreen Finance Kissan Tractor Finance Kissan Livestock Development Finance Kissan Farm Mechanization Finance Kissan Aabpashi Finance BANK ALFALAH LTD : Bank Alfalah Limited acknowledging the vital role of a agriculture in the economic development of Pakistan has designed Rural Finance Program named as BANK ALFALAH ZARIE SAHULAT. The product is designed to cater for multiple financing requirements of our farming sector. We are caring our customers through chain of complete, distinguished and specialized products for agriculture sector. BAL Branches are designed to help the farmers with expert advice, technical know-how and Credit for their multifarious activities through timely, affordable and attainable modes tosuit farmer requirements. BANK ALFALAH ZARIE SAHULAT is available for Short, Medium and Long terms. Bank Alfalah Limited Strategy is to focus on following Objectives: Provide reliable infrastructure for Agri customers. Help farmers utilize funds efficiently and effectively. Provide farmers an integrated package of credit, supervision and technical know-how. Bank Alfalah Limited is committed to make dreams come true by making Pakistans Rural Economy healthier and stronger. Conditions of Agriculture Finance in Pakistan : cultivation constitutes the largest sector of our economy. Majority of the population, directly or indirectly, needy on this sector. It contribute about 24 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and financial records for half of employed labor force. There is a great scope in the cultivation financing for Islamic Banks. In Pakistan, there are more than 700 Islamic Bank branches but if we take a look at products and services offered by Islamic Banks, Salam is only 1% of total operations in 2009. But if we look at the figures of last years, we came to know that, instead of addition in this percentage there is a decline from 2%(2007-08) to 1%(2009).According to Islamic banks moral hazards is the main cause of not financing in this sector. But according to our view banks should not rely on assumptions only but need to invest the short part of their asset and then decide whether to spend or not. Islamic Banking Products and Services :

Perception of the Bsagecon Registered Voters Students Towards the Use of Automated Election System on the Philippine National Election 2010 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2205 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? PERCEPTION OF THE BSAGECON REGISTERED VOTERS STUDENTS TOWARDS THE USE OF AUTOMATED ELECTION SYSTEM ON THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ELECTION 2010 ANNABEL D. BALBUTIN A Mini Thesis Submitted to the College Of Business, Development Economics and Management, University Of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Subject METHODS OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS MARCH 2010 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Philippines Elections are held in May every tree years for both national and local positions. The national positions are president, vice presidents, senators and party list representatives. Local positions are governors, vice governors, board members, mayors, vice mayors, councilors and congressman. Under the Philippine constitution, the term of office for the president, vice president and senators is six years and is timed to end on the expiration of the term of office for local officials which is three years. The election is conducted by the Commission on Election (Comelec), which is an independent constitutional body composed of a Chairperson and six commissioners. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Perception of the Bsagecon Registered Voters Students Towards the Use of Automated Election System on the Philippine National Election 2010" essay for you Create order The present generation, people became more literate especially with the use of computers. Technologies emerged to introduce many different ways of advancement. Computer machines are of these. Computers now in existence are the most powerful machines- than can do anything to people’s lives. For the first time in history the Philippines will be having an Automated Election System (AES) is a system that uses appropriate technology to accomplish such tasks as voting, counting, consolidating, canvassing, and transmission of election result and other electoral process. Republic Act. No. 369, which is the Amended Elections Automation Law? Using computers would make the election faster. With the new system, votes are tallied and transmitted electronically. Precinct level counting will be done within an hour and results available within thirty six hours such that teachers serving on the BEI’s will not have to stay up- and stay under tremendous pressure (Comelec said). The recent news approving the P 11 billion supplemental budget for the full automation of the upcoming 2010 National Elections was welcomed by many sectors in society as a big step forward towards having a more transparent and honest election. One of the challenges now is to make sure that the bidding and procurement process for the equipment and materials that will be used for poll automation will be monitored properly so as to ensure transparency. It is imperative that proper training be given to those who will run the election counting machines especially since this is the first time that we will be doing this on a national scale. Though automated elections, deals with acquiring computer, hence will cost a large amount of money, it can still cost in other expenses. One the challenges now is of to make sure that the procurement process for the equipment and materials that will be used for poll automation will be monitored so as to ensure transparency. It is imperative that proper training be given to those who will run the election counting machines especially since this is the first time that we will be doing this on a national scale. We need to remain vigilant in ensuring that we have a clean and honest election whose results will reflect the true mandate of the Filipino people. Precisely it takes many forms with the different process but how it is implemented depends on the technological facilities allocated for the election procedure Significance of the Study This study will be beneficial to the registered voters students, especially the BSAgEcon students to get information about the Automated Election System. Furthermore, it can serve as a guide for the students who will have the right to vote this coming National Election Statement of the Problem Generally the researcher would like to perceive the perception of the BSAgEcon students regarding the Automated Election System in order to appreciate and impart its application to the National Election. It aims to answer the following question. 1. What are the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents? 2. Does the student ready to adapt the Automated Election System? 3. What are the reactions of the students towards the Automated Election System? Objectives of the Study The general objectives of the study is to evaluate the applicability of the Automated Election System to the BSAgEcon registered voters students. Specifically the study aimed to: 1. Determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. 2. Determine the readiness of the students in using the Automated Election System on the Philippine National Election. 3. To know the reaction of the registered voters students towards the use of the Automated Election System. Scope and Limitation This study was confined to the selected BSAgEcon registered voters students of the College of Business Development Economics and Management, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. The researched focused or limited to determine the readiness and the reaction of the students towards the use of Automated Election System. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The socio-demographic characteristics which are age, sex, yr. level, status, religion and family monthly income is conceptualized to be the factors which would affect the perception of the BSAgEcon registered voters towards the use of Automated Election System. METHODOLOGY Research Design The research utilizes the Descriptive type of research. The purpose of which is to determine and describe the characteristic of some variables in the study. Percentage, frequencies and averages were used to determine and describe the characteristics of variables. Locale of the Study The study was conducted at the College of Business Development Economics and Management, of University of Southern Mindanao (USM), main campus, Kabacan, Cotabato particularly in the Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics registered voters students. Respondents of the Study There were 30 respondents who are picked randomly to test the applicability of the Automated Election System to the students. Sample Size and Sampling Techniques There are 30 respondents were interviewed for the survey. Since some the respondents is hard to find, the researcher use the Purposive sampling were the most available respondents were intentionally chosen. Research Instrument The researcher used and interview guide in interviewing the respondents to be able to gather the necessary data. The researcher set the interview with the respondents in their available time. Methods of Collecting Data The questionnaire was distributed to BSAgEcon registered voters students of College of Business Development Economics and Management, and gave them time to answer the questionnaire. Afterwards, the researcher collected the questionnaire. Data Gathered The data gathered in the study included the following: the socio-demographic characteristics of the BSAgEcon registered voters students. The readiness, problems and the reaction encountered by the students towards the application of Automated Election System this coming Philippine National Election 2010. Data Analysis Descriptive analysis was used in the study which includes frequency counts, average, and percentage distribution. The data were analyzed to the Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics, College of Business Development Economics and Management, University of Southern Mindanao. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Respondents. Table 1 presents the socio- demographic characteristics of the 30 BSAgEcon registered voters students of the College of Business Development and Management, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. The data revealed that the average age of the respondents was about 20 years old, 11 (36. 67%) are male and 19(63. 33%) were female. Thirteen (43. 33) of the respondents claimed they are Roman Catholics; 10 (33. 33%) are Islam and 7(23. 33%) are Protestant. The findings imply that the respondents were predominantly Roman Catholics and Islam. Twenty-nine(96. 67%) respondents are single, and 1 (3. 33%) is married. Twenty-six (96. 67%) are 2nd yr. students, 3(10%) were 3rd yr. students, and 1 (33. 33%) is 4th yr. In terms of Family Monthly Income, 16(53. 33% ) of the respondents belong to the family monthly income bracket of 3000-5000,10(33. 33%) are within the bracket of 5000-10000,3(10%) belong to the bracket of 10000-15000, and 1 (3. 33%) belong to the bracket of 150000-200000. Table 1. Socio -demographic characteristics of the respondents. VariablesFrequencyPercentageAverage (n=30) (%) Sex Male1136. 67 Female1963. 33 Religion Catholic1343. 33 Islam1033. 33 Protestant723. 33 Age20 Civil Status Single29 Married13. 33 Year Level 2nd yr. 2686. 67 3rd yr. 310 4th yr. 13. 33 Table 1. Continuation†¦ VariablesFrequencyPercentageAverage (n=30) (%) Family Monthly Income 3000-50001653. 33 5000-100001033. 33 10000-15000310 15000-2000013. 33 Readiness of the BSAgEcon registered voters in the Automated Election System. Table 2 shows that 28(93. 33%) are in favor to use the Automated Election System, 27(90%) claimed that they are ready to adapt the Automated Election System this coming Philippine National Election 2010. 7(90%) of the respondents like computers, 24(80%) of the respondents undergone subjects or lesson regarding computer operating, 23(76. 67%) of the 30 BSAgEcon respondents claimed that they had an experienced or knowledge in using or manipulating the computers, 22(73. 33%) of the respondents are prepared in the application of the system, 20(67%) are comfortable to use the Automated Election System, 1 7(57%) claimed that they had difficulties in using computers, and 14(47%) of the respondents claimed that its not easy for them to use the system. Table 2. The readiness of the BSAgEcon registered voters’ students in the Automated Election System . Reasons FrequencyPercentageAverage (n=30) (%) †¢ favor2893. 33 †¢ like computers2790 †¢ ready2790 †¢ undergone subjects in computer2480 †¢ experience /knowledge2376. 67 †¢ prepared2273. 33 †¢ comfortable2067 †¢ difficulties 1757 †¢ hard1447 Reaction of the BSAgEcon registered voter’s students towards the application of Automated Election System on the Philippine National Election 2010. Table 3 shows that 24(80%) of the respondents are in favor in using the Automated Election System for the National Election. The reasons of the respondents that make them in favor in the Automated Election System are as follows: ? Very easy, fast and accessible. ? Accurate. Those who have the opinions that are not favor 6(20%), and the reasons are: ? Too expensive. ? Not yet proven. ? Not yet ready to adapt the system for the National Election. Table 3. Also reveals that twenty-two (73. 33%) of the respondents believes that there is a need to use the Automated Counting Machine. The reasons of the respondents to make them feel that there is a need to use the Automated Counting Machine are as follows: †¢ Modernized. More easy and accurate. †¢ More secured and enjoys using. Eight (26. 67%) of the respondents have the opinions that there is no need for the voters to vote through the use of Automated Machine. The reasons for them to decide that there is no need for the voters to vote through computers are as follows. †¢ Difficult to use †¢ Afraid †¢ Don’t like computers †¢ N ot yet prepared Table 3. The reaction of the BSAgEcon students towards the Automated Election System StatementsFrequencyPercentageAverage (n=30) (%) favor 2480 need to use the ACM 22 73. 33 Automated Counting Machine) Table 4. Advantages of the Automated Election System as Perceived by Respondents. The advantages of the Automated Election System as perceived by respondents are presented in Table 4. Fifteen (50%)indicated that it is easy, 8(26. 67%) believed that it is more fast, 3(3. 33%) answered that it is secure to use, 1(3. 33%) shows that it is more organize and 1(3. 33%) claimed that it is better to use it, for us to learn how to vote through computers. Table 4. Advantages of the Automated Election System as Perceived by BSAgEcon Respondents. March 2010 REASONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (n=30)(%) a. easy15 50 b. fast8 26. 67 c. secure to use3 3. 33 d. more organize1 3. 33 e. to learn 1 3. 33 Table 5. Disadvantages of the Automated Election System as Perceived by BSAgEcon Respondents. The disadvantages of the Automated Election System as perceived by respondents are presented in Table 5. Eleven (36. 67%) indicated that using the Automated Election System is too expensive, 10(33. 33%) believes that some errors may occur, 8(26. 67%) claimed that it is hard to use the machine, 2(6. 7%) answered that it is not secure. Table 5. Disadvantages of the Automated Election System as Perceived by BSAgEcon Respondents. March 2010 REASONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (n=30)(%) 1. too expensive1136. 67 2. errors may occur1033. 33 3. not secure2 6. 67 Additional data were gathered according to the number of Election system that is more advantageous. 18 (60%) thinks that the Automated Counting Machine is more advantageous and some of the reasons are as it is safe and secure, errors may not occur, and it has more high securities. 2 (40%) claimed that the ballot boxes is what they want to use as the system for the coming national election, and some of the reasons are it is familiar to the voters, and it is traditional. QUESTIONNAIRE Part I. Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents Name: ______________________ Course Yr. :_________________ Age:____ Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female Status: ( ) Single ( ) Married ( ) Widower Religion: ( ) Roman Catholic ( ) Islam ( ) Iglesia ni Cristo Others pls. specify_________ Family Monthly Income Family Monthly Income ( )3000-5000 ( )5000-10000 ( )10000-15000 ( )15000-20000 )20000-30000 Others pls. specify__________ Part II. The readiness of the BSAgEcon registered voter’s students in the Automated Election System. Instruction: Below are the statements regarding the Automated Election System. Please check the box that corresponds to your choice. Yes No 1. Do you have any experience or knowledge in using? 2. Have you undergone any subjects or lesson regarding computer operating? 3. Is it difficult for you to vote through computers? 4. Do you like using computers? 5. Are you comfortable using computers? 6. Would it hard for you to vote through computers? . Are you in favor in Automated Election System? 8. Are you prepared` for such adaptation to technology? 9. As a registered voters, are you ready to use computer system this coming National Election? Part III. The reaction of the BSAgEcon registered voter’s students towards the use of Automated Election System Instruction: Please shade the oval that corresponds to your choice. Yes No 1. Are you in favor in Automated Election System? Why? ____________________________________________________________ __ ____________________________________________________________ __ 2. In your own opinion, do we need to use the Automated Election System? Why? ____________________________________________________________ ___ ____________________________________________________________ ___ 3. What do you think the advantages of Automated Election System? ____________________________________________________________ ___ ____________________________________________________________ ___ 4. What do you think the disadvantages of the Automated Election System? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________ 5. What Election System do you think is more advantageous, the Automated Counting Machine or the ballot boxes? ____________________________________________________________ _____ ____________________________________________________________ ___________ ___________________________________________________________ _ ___________ [pic] Socio-demographic factor -age -sex -yr. level -status -religion -family income Perception Applicability of The Automated Election System